Quick “spot the difference” cheat sheet

1) Eczema: what helps (evidence-based)

Eczema is driven by skin barrier weakness and inflammation. The main goals are to restore the barrier, control flares early, and reduce scratching. Singapore HealthHub emphasises frequent emollient use and notes that appropriate topical steroids are safe and essential for treatment when needed. :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}

Do this

• Moisturise often (emollients): apply generously, especially after bathing. :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}
• Treat flares early: use the medication plan your clinician gave (often topical steroids for red/itchy inflamed areas). :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}
• Use the right technique: topical steroids should be applied as a thin layer to affected areas and stopped when symptoms clear, following label/doctor instructions. :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}
• Reduce triggers: gentle fragrance-free cleansers, avoid hot baths, keep nails short, consider cotton clothing.

Avoid this

• Skipping moisturiser until skin looks “dry” (eczema skin benefits from frequent barrier support). :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}
• Fear-based underuse of prescribed topical steroids (misuse is risky, but correct use is commonly described as safe and effective). :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}

2) Cradle cap: gentle scalp care

Cradle cap is common in babies. UK NHS guidance recommends gentle measures such as emollients and unperfumed baby shampoo; avoid picking scales. :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}

Do this

1. Soften first: apply an emollient to the scalp to loosen scales. :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}
2. Gently lift: use a soft baby brush (no scraping). :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}
3. Wash: use unperfumed baby shampoo regularly. :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}

Avoid this

• Don’t pick at scales (can irritate and increase infection risk). :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}
• Avoid harsh soaps or adult dandruff products unless advised by a clinician.

Seek advice if cradle cap spreads widely, looks infected, or doesn’t improve after a few weeks of gentle care. :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}

3) Diaper rash: protect the skin barrier (fast wins)

Diaper rash is often caused by prolonged wetness and friction. Major paediatric and medical resources recommend frequent changes, gentle cleaning, and using thick barrier creams (zinc oxide or petroleum jelly). :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}

Do this

• Change diapers often and give “air time” when possible.
• Clean gently: water or fragrance-free wipes; pat dry.
• Use a thick barrier layer: zinc oxide or petrolatum, applied generously (think “icing on a cupcake”). :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}
• Don’t scrub off clean paste: if it’s not soiled, add a new layer on top. :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}

When it might be yeast (needs clinician advice)

• Beefy red rash with satellite spots in skin folds
• Worsens despite good barrier care after a few days

4) Heat rash: cool, dry, and reduce sweating

Heat rash usually improves by cooling the skin and avoiding heat exposure. :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}

Do this

• Move your child to a cooler environment (fan/aircon) and remove extra layers.
• Cool bath or cool compress; pat dry gently.
• Loose, breathable clothing (cotton) and keep skin folds dry.

Avoid this

• Heavy, oily products that may clog pores and worsen sweat trapping.
• Over-bundling during naps and sleep.

See a clinician if the rash lasts more than a few days, worsens, or your child appears unwell. :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}

When to see a doctor urgently